There were two important things I learned from doing this blog. The first was that serial dilutions are much more efficient. I didn’t learn this tell after the lab. Serial dilution is when you have a stock solution and add it to another test tube and add water, and continue this process. Also I learned how to use a spectrophotometer.
r^2 is sooo much easier to calculate with a calculator then by hand. I hate excel!
The bell had rung for the start of fourth period and Mr. McClintock’s class was preparing themselves for another bother ready for another boring lecture. Mr. McClintock was in the room next door talking to his buddy Mr. Bjork. Nick came filing in a couple minutes late, like usual, and was really excited to see Mr. McClintock was no where to be found so he couldn’t be marked late. “Hey guys, I have this really great idea. Lets all ditch class!”
“What!” remarked John from across the room, “I can’t my mom would kill me!” Even though John was a junior in high school he was still afraid of his mother.
“Its cool. Relax,” said Nick as steezy as possible, “All you have to do is text a-ditch”
“Text a what”
“Text a ditch!”
After a bunch of arguing the entire class decided to try text a-ditch, And it worked! I couldn’t believe it, text a-ditch actually worked! Maybe this is how my sister manages to never show up to class but gets all her absents excused. Maybe I should try this more often I thought.
We all rushed outside to the field. It was a perfect day out, but what should we do?
“I think we should play frisbee,” said Nick.
“I think we should play soccer,” said Melissa.
“I know!” I shouted, “Lets all go on a 10 mile easy run!” The rest of the class looked at me like I was crazy.
“Actually,” said Megan “Running is really healthy. It can increase our aerobic and anaerobic fitness levels. We would burn over a thousand calories! And we can increase our V02 max so our muscles will get more oxygen making it take longer for lactic acid to build up in our legs!” Everyone knew Megan was a genius when it came to the human body she new everything there is to know.
“No, No, No! said Ayathi from across the field, “I just want to win the biotech contest, but thats hard to do when the judges don’t know anything about biotech.”
“Lets go to the moon, discover a knew chemical that can later help us find a cure for cancer. I’m sure that will win us the biotech contest. Especially since it has to deal with cancer.” said Drayton.
The class came to a decision that this was the best thing to do. About that time Kaitlynn came walking up. “I thought you were sick” said Melissa. “Well I was Kaitlynn” responded, “but i think I made a really quick recovery especially after I heard you guys were going to the moon. I want to come!” “You liar you weren’t sick. “Text a-ditch right?” “Yes” Kaitlynn muttered, “Just don’t tell Mr. McClintock!”
Brenna ran inside to grab supplies. About ten minutes later she came back with two pieces of bubble gum, and a belt. “How are you going to build a space ship out of that? Asked John. “You don’t know how to make a space shuttle out of gum and a belt wow you are really dumb I learned how to do that back in the fifth grade.” Said Rebecca smartly.
John tried to start building the space shuttle. ” NO NO NO! Not like that said Rebecca Your doing it wrong make it like this.”
For the next fifteen minutes the class worked diligently and before they knew it the space shuttle was made. Everyone boarded. Traveling faster then the speed of light the class made it to the moon discovered the new samples and brought them back to show Mr. McClintock.
“Soooo let me get this straight,” said Mr. McClintock, “You ditched my class to build a space shuttle out of gum and a belt. Then you proved Einsteins theory wrong and traveled faster then the speed of light, discovered a cure for cancer and came back to show me all in one class period! Sweeeet”
“Yup,” said Cassie, “Now can we leave early I really have to get to Mars before the day is over.”
Prokaryotic Organism
Prokaryotic organisms fit into the domains of bacteria and archaea. Prokaryotic organisms are single celled which means they have one cell which controls everything such as reproduction and movement. Prokaryotic cells are different then eukaryotic cells because they typically don’t have a nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, golgi apparus or endoplasmic reticulum. Since they lack many important cell parts found in eukaryotic organisms they function completely differently. One example of this is that the enzymes needed for cellular respiration are attached to the plasma membrane instead of the mitochondria like in eukaryotic cells. Also without a nucleus DNA is stored within the nucleoid. The flagellum, attached to the back of a prokaryotic cell is used for movement. The most common type of prokaryotic organisms is bacteria. To be more specific, E. coli.
Eukaryotic organism
Eukaryotic organisms consist of plants, animals, fungi, and protists. Specific examples of eukaryotic organisms are humans, flowers, paramecium, and trees. The easiest way to distinguish that an organism is eukaryotic is the presence of the nucleus. The nucleus, which contains the DNA, is the “brain” of the cell and tells it how to work. Eukaryotic organisms are multi cellular.
Aschleighena problem
When seeing a puddle of water in my back yard the LAST thing I wonder is whether or not the organisms found inside are eukaryotic or prokaryotic probably because I don’t care, but this isn’t the case for Aschleighena. Even though he/she is nerdy enough to wonder such question, he/she doesn’t know how to tell them apart. Here are some ways she can tell them apart by using a microscope:
1. Add chemicals to the cell to stain the nucleus. If it turns out there is a nucleus he/she will know that it is a Eukaryotic cell.
2. Are the organisms found inside the water appear to have one cell or multiple cells? If there are multiple cells then the organism is eukaryotic. If they are single celled organisms then they are prokaryoitic.
3. Does it have many structures? If so it is eukaryotic!!!
| Data Table | |||
| Sample | Test | Color Before | Color After |
| Starch | Iodine | Clear | Brown |
| Glucose | Iodine | Clear | Brown |
| Maltose | Iodine | Clear | Brown |
| Sucrose | Iodine | Clear | Brown |
| Water | Iodine | Clear | Red |
| Gelatin | Iodine | Clear | Brown |
| Starch | Benedict’s | Blue | Light Blue |
| Glucose | Benedict’s | Blue | Red |
| Maltose | Benedict’s | Blue | Red |
| Sucrose | Benedict’s | Blue | Blue |
| Gelatin | Benedict’s | Blue | Blue |
| Water | Benedict’s | Blue | Blue |
Enzymes
Countless chemical reactions occurring at any one moment inside the cells of humans, dogs cats, fish, and all other organisms. All these chemical reactions are needed for the survival of organisms. None of these chemical reactions wouldn’t be able to occur without enzymes. Enzymes contain many types of proteins. Enzymes can either start a chemical reaction or speed them up. It is estimated that over 75,000 enzymes can be found inside the human body alone. Metabolic enzymes are found throughout the body and are used to grow new cells, and maintain tissue. Digestive enzymes are used to help break down and digest our food.
This is a model found within the hepatitis c virus.
Proteins
Proteins are made up of amino acids and are needed for the body to function properly. It is estimated that proteins make up of 20% of the body weight of humans. There are four main type of protein structures as shown in the diagram below: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
Experimental Design
When designing an experiment there are many things that need to be accounted for. The most important thing to remember is to try and make sure only one variable is being changed each time the experiment is being conducted.
Solutions
A solution is a mixture composed of a solute and a solvent. The solute is dissolved in the solute.
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